2024-05-08 16:21:21|已浏览：97次
托福听力要拿高分并不是那么容易的，只有通过不断的练习，不断的积累才能取得好的成绩。
关于托福听力，小编在之前的北美专栏中已经讲过部分题型，文末有链接，同学们可以点击查看哦~今天我们就来继续了解一下托福听力题型中的主旨题。
托福听力中的主旨题是让很多同学都头疼的一个部分，一旦听错了主旨，后面的细节题可能也会接二连三的答错。而主旨题又是一个非常重要的题型，无论是对话还是讲座，主旨题永远位于第一题的位置。那到底该如何应对呢？敲黑板！
这类题的解答并不依靠某一个解题关键词，也无法由某一个具体的词组直接推断出答案，往往要通过「归纳理解全文的主线」才能得出答案，这也正是这种题型的难点所在。
一、不要混淆题型分类
主旨题分为：目的主旨题和内容主旨题：
目的主旨题：所谓目的主旨即询问学生来找教授或相关工作人员的目的，是conversation部分常考的主旨题类型。内容主旨题：所谓内容主旨即询问整个conversation或者整篇lecture的主要讨论内容，是lecture部分考查的重点。目的主题题和内容主旨题之间有一大差异，同学们要记清楚：
对于内容主旨题来说，引发主旨的原因、背量并不重要，但对于目的主题的解题过程与内容主旨题类似。
二、几大典型的主旨题问法
?1、目的主旨题：
Why does the student visit the professor?
Why does the student visit the registrar's office?
Why did the professor ask to see the student?
Why does the professor explain X?
What is the main purpose of the lecture?
注意：这类题型考查的是一段 Conversation或 lecture的目的是什么（也就是说话者?话或者描述某一件事情的目的是什么）而不是内容本身。
?2、内容主旨题：
What are the speakers talking about?
What is the main topic of the lecture?
What is the lecture mainly about?
注意：这类题型考查的是学生对一段 Conversation或者 Lecture主旨大意的理解能力。材料有时会明确给出主旨，有时则很含蓄。
在做此类题时，我们希望要么能够直接听到某个描述文章主旨的句子（这个句子往往出现在文章的开头部分或者寒暄及背景之后的部分)；
要么听见音频末尾处对该段文章的总结，但文末总结给出主旨的频率要低于开头，否则只好根据在文中听到的诸多信息判断出它们之间的论证关系（这一能力需要专门训练）进而总结出文章主旨。
三、具体如何解决？有何技巧？
要做对主旨题就要抓住对话或讲座的灵魂，在对话和讲座的开头，说话人会说明自己的目的或者讲课的主题，所以要重点关注对话或讲座的开头。接下来我们通过例题来总结「目的主旨题」的解题方法。
例题1：
Why does the student go to see the librarian?
A. To sign up for a seminar on using electronic sources for research.
B. To report that a journal is missing from the reference area.
C. To find out the procedure for checking out journal articles.
D. To ask about how to look for resources for a class paper.
『听力原文』：
FEMALE STUDENT: Hi, um, I really hope you can help me.MALE LIBRARIAN: That's why I'm here.What can I do for you?FEMALE STUDENT: I'm supposed to do a literature review for my psychology course, but I'm havin' a hard time finding articles. I don't even know where to start looking.
『解题方法』：
?Step 1：听题头，确定是学生和图书馆管理员，场景是图书馆；
?Step 2：听开头信号词，管理员问“What can I do for you?”，学生回答“I'm supposed to do a literature review for my psychology course, but I'm havin' a hard time finding articles. ”，抓住问题，学生找不到写论文用的文章；
?Step 3：记笔记，确定问题“literature review, not find articles”；
?Step 4：对应选项，只有D选项符合，所以选D。
由上可以看出目的主旨题的解题方法很简单，听题头确定场景，听开头信号词确定问题，然后记笔记，再对照选项，那么开头信号词有哪些呢？
下列是一些主旨题中常用的信号词?
Professor 常用：
1. What can I do for you?
2. Can I help you?
3. What’s going on?
4. What do you want to talk about?
Student 常用：
I have some questions about...
I'm wondering...
I'm worrying about..
I have some trouble...
I was hoping...
I'm not sure about...
The reason I wanted to talk to you is...
That's why I came by...
The thing is...
同学们要熟悉这些常见信号词，听到它们后要集中注意力听里面提到的问题或者原因。
接下来我们来看看「内容主旨题」，内容主旨题多出现在讲座中，所以难度稍大一丢丢，但是只要学会解题方法，做对内容主旨题不在话下。我们仍然通过例题来看。
例2：What is the lecture mainly about?
A. An example of rapid climate change.
B. A comparison of two mechanisms of climate change.
C. The weather conditions in the present-day Sahara.
D. Recent geological findings made in the Sahara.
『听力原文』：
MALE PROFESSOR: We’re really just now beginning to understand how quickly drastic climate change can take place. We can see past occurrences of climate change that took place over just a few hundred years.
Take um... the Sahara desert in Northern Africa.
『解题方法』：
?Step 1：听开头部分的信号词确定文章的topic。教授在开头说：“We’re really just now beginning to understand how quickly drastic climate change can take place. ”，确定出本讲座的主题是气候变化。
?Step 2：总结全文分论点，确定主要内容，以撒哈拉沙漠的气候变化为例，说明剧烈快速的气候变化。
?Step 3：对应选项，选择A。
所以对于内容主旨题在重点关注开头信号词的同时，也要关注分论点，确定主要内容。
内容主旨题的的常见信号词?
1. Let's look at/ continue to talk about...
2. Today/ now I wanna go over / I'd like to/ I want to focus on...
3. For today's discussion, we’ll review...
4. Now, we've been talking about...But today I'd like to look at...
5. Last time/ week, we've been talking about... But/ today we will...
这些信号词也是讲座常见的开头部分，大家在听的时候多加注意，多训练，形成条件反射，那么就会抓住讲座灵魂，内容主旨题也会迎刃而解。
小试牛刀?
1.Why does the man go to see his professor?
(TPO2-C1)
A. To borrow some charts and graphs from her
B. To ask her to explain some statistical procedures
C. To talk about a report he is writing
D. To discuss a grade he got on a paper.
2. Why does the woman come to the office?
(TPO3-C1)
A. To notify the university of her change of address
B. To find out where her physics class is being held
C. To get directions to the science building
D. To complain about her physics class being canceled
